AEL (Arbeits-Erziehungs-Lager)

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Foto 1: Gedenkteken aan het stuwmeer van de Versetalsperre in Lüdenscheid. [2.1.]
Het AEL Hunswinkel bevond zich op wat nu de bodem van het stuwmeer is. De bronzen gedenkplaat werd in 2014 gestolen door metaaldieven en werd later vervangen door een acrylpaneel.
De plaat droeg de tekst:

In het dal van de Verse bevond zich lager dan deze plaats tussen 1940 en 1945 het Arbeitserziehungs- und Konzentrationslager Hunswinkel. Van de vele duizenden gevangenen uit de Sovjet-Unie, Duitsland, Polen, België, Frankrijk, Italië, Joegoslavië en Nederland zijn er minstens 550 omgekomen door uithongering, het zware werk, afranselingen en doodschieten.
52 jaar na het bewind van de nationaal-socialisten op 21 juni 1997

Foto 2: Großbeeren, het gedenkteken voor het zogenoemde „Arbeitserziehungslager“ (werkopvoedingskamp). [2.2.][3]

In de nationaal-socialistische tijd waren„werk­opvoedingskampen“ (Arbeitserziehungslager, AEL) de officiële benaming van die strafkampen die in de eerste plaats en aanvankelijk dienden om dissidenten, politieke tegenstanders, langdurig werklozen en buitenlandse dwangarbeiders te disciplineren en te heropvoeden. Deze buitenlandse dwangarbeiders waren gewoonlijk ondergebracht in open werkkampen en werden daar doorgaans beter behandeld dan de gevangenen in de concentratiekampen. Velen onttrokken zich echter aan de "arbeidsdienst" en doken onder, bijvoorbeeld met de hulp van de Nederlandse verzetsorganisatie „Aussenministerium“. Degenen die dan alsnog werden gepakt, waren volgens de officiële interpretatie luilakken die moesten worden heropgevoed. Vandaar de spottende benaming van die kampen.
Zij werden vanaf 1940 opgezet door de Geheime Staatspolitie (Gestapo), vaak in financiële samenwerking met bedrijven die profiteerden van de dwangarbeid van de nazi’s. Tegen het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog waren er ongeveer 200 van in het Duitse Rijk en de bezette gebieden, 500.000 mensen passeerden deze kampen, meestal met een tijdelijk verblijf.

1. Wikipedia: AEL Nederlands • Deutsch • Français
2. Open Street Map
   1. Großbeeren Gedenkstätte für die Opfer des Faschismus
   2. Versetalsperre Gedenktafel Schatten der Vergangenheit
3. porta-polonica: Großbeeren Deutsch • English • Polsku
4. geschichtswerkstatt-merseburg.de: AEL Spergau und Zöschen

1943-11-09 Pieter Heynen † AEL Mülheim
1944-01-18 Charles Joseph Nijst † AEL Groß-Beeren, Kreis Teltow
1944-01-28 Johannes Adrianus Loogman † AEL Großbeeren, Kr. Teltow
1944-02-09 Jacob Halbe Veenstra † Helgoland
1944-08-18 Johannes Aussems † AEL Zöschen, Kr. Merseburg
1944-10-20 Hubert Joseph Visschers † AEL Köln
1945-02-28 Hubertus Conaert † Straflager Köln, AEL?
1945-03-01 Wilhelmus Hubertus van Mil † AEL Zöschen b. Leuna
1945-03-17 Alphonsus Antonius Pieter Hubertus Ceulen † AEL Hunswinkel
1945-03-22 Jan Louis Rietjens † AEL Hunswinkel, Kr. Altena
1945-03-24 Andreas Gerardus Willem Boijmans † AEL Hunswinkel, Kr. Altena
1945-04-09 Wim Johan Kasdorp † AEL Hunswinkel (D)
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