De economie van de concentratiekampen

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Buchenwald, 1945

De nationaal-socialistische economie was parasitair. Niet alleen in de kampen. Hij was sterk afhankelijk van dwangarbeid en, na het begin van de oorlog, van de plundering van de bezette gebieden. De ergste vorm van dwangarbeid vond plaats in de concentratiekampen.
Al snel nadat de nazi’s in 1933 de macht hadden gegrepen, begonnen ze met de bouw van concentratiekampen. De eerste kampgevangenen waren politieke tegenstanders (communisten, socialisten, geestelijken en andere critici van het systeem), later gevolgd door Sinti en Roma ((Wikipedia Porajmos)), homoseksuelen, Jehova’s Getuigen, geestelijk gehandicapten en zo geheten "asocialen" (Aktion T4) [1]. Na het begin van de oorlog kwamen daar de krijgsgevangenkampen bij, waar de behandeling van met name de Russen niet anders was dan in de andere kampen.
In Polen en Wit-Rusland werden de vernietigingskampen [2] gebouwd, die vooral gericht waren op de industriële uitroeiing van mensen, vooral Joden en Roma. Omdat dit over het verzet in Limburg gaat, staat hieronder alleen het vernietigingskamp Auschwitz, waar ook Limburgse verzetsmensen zijn vermoord.
Het doel van de concentratiekampen als werkkampen [3] was niet alleen politieke tegenstanders, als minderwaardig beschouwde personen, maar ook krijgsgevangenen op te sluiten. Omdat een groot deel van de Duitse mannen naar het front moest, was er een tekort aan arbeidskrachten in de industrie en de landbouw, dat de gevangenen moesten aanvullen. Vanwege die dubbele doelstelling maken historici en het rechtssysteem echter een duidelijk onderscheid tussen concentratiekampen als werkkampen en open dwangarbeiderskampen, waar het “alleen maar” om uitbuiting ging. Tegen het einde van de oorlog, toen de SS in paniek de kampen begon te ontruimen voor de naderende geallieerde troepen (dodenmarsen [4]) en bijeen te voegen, vervaagden die verschillen.

1. Aktion T4 • Nederlands • Deutsch • English • Français • Português
2. Vernietigingskampen • Vernichtungslager • Extermination camps • Centres d’extermination • Campos de extermínio
3. Economie van nazi-Duitsland: Dwangarbeid • NS-Zwangsarbeit • Forced labor in Nazi concentration camps • Travail forcé dans les camps de concentration nazis • Trabalho forçado na Alemanha Nazi
4. Dodenmarsen • Todesmärsche • Death marches • Marches de la mort • Marchas de la muerte (Español)

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